Any warrant officer or enlisted member who free essay sample

Article 91 -â€Å"Any warrant officer or enlisted member who— (1) strikes or assaults a warrant officer, non-commissioned officer, or petty officer, while that officer is in the execution of his office; (2) willfully disobeys the lawful order of a warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer; or (3) treats with contempt or is disrespectful in language or deportment toward a warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer while that officer is in the execution of his office; shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. † Article 91 of the Uniform code of justice (UCMJ) is insubordinate conduct toward warrant officer, Noncommissioned Officer (NCO), or Petty Officer. Article 91 of the UCMJ defines insubordination and failure to obey order and regulation. Military discipline and effectiveness is built on the foundation of obedience to orders given by senior leadership or grades appointed over you. It’s not insubordinate conduct if the order given is unethical or illegal; neither is refusing to perform an order that is within the power of the person giving the order. We will write a custom essay sample on Any warrant officer or enlisted member who or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many superiors feel that the line of verbal contempt can be broken on many different levels. One can only assume that foul language, and language that may impose threat, violence or outright disobedience will ultimately fall in to the category of verbal contempt and disorderly language. A simple verbal disagreement with no foul language or violent intent can be considered as verbal contempt and or disorderly language to the NCO. An enlisted member can be subject to being punished by this article just on the superior’s thoughts on whether or not the accused was in verbal contempt. So in the case of a disagreement between two individuals, where one Marine says something and the next Marine another, it is what is perceived as the truth that becomes the truth. This can be troubling to some service members due to the fact if they have nothing to back their story; it can be assumed they are lying. Even if this is the case, until proven otherwise it will be assumed you have lied and will face punishment accordingly. In conclusion the purpose of Article 91 is to establish a set of rules and respect for all service members to adhere to. This creates a better work atmosphere and helps create the needed separation between superiors and subordinates. Without the separation between the service members the system could never function accordingly.

H.H. Holmes Biography

H.H. Holmes Biography Dr. Henry Howard Holmes, also known as H.H. Holmes, was one of the nineteenth centurys most prolific serial killers. His victims, numbering anywhere from the dozens to over 200, were killed in his property, the Worlds Fair Hotel, which came to be called Holmes Murder Castle. Fast Facts: H.H. Holmes Full Name:  Herman Webster MudgettAlso Known As: Dr. Henry Howard Holmes, H.H. Holmes, Alexander Bond, Henry Gordon, O.C. Pratt, and othersBorn:  May 16, 1861 in Gilmanton, New HampshireDied:  May 7, 1896 in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaKnown For:  One of Americas first documented serial killers. Confessed to murdering 27 people in his Murder Castle, although only nine were ever confirmed. Early Years Born Herman Webster Mudgett in 1861, Holmes was the son of an old New England family, descended from early British settlers. His parents were devout Methodists. After graduating high school at age 16, Holmes took up teaching as an occupation, working in towns near his native Gilmanton, New Hampshire. He enrolled at the University of Vermont, but soon grew bored and dropped out. The following year, he went to medical school and worked in the anatomy lab at the University of Michigan, completing the program in three years. While attending school, Holmes supplemented his income by using cadavers to perpetrate insurance scams. During this time he was briefly married to Clara Lovering, but their relationship was violent, and she left him in Michigan and returned to New Hampshire with their son Robert. Holmes moved to New York State, and whispers began to spread that hed been seen with a child who was later reported missing. He relocated to Philadelphia to work in a pharmacy, and rumors surfaced that a child had died after taking medication Holmes had blended. He then fled to Chicago, changing his name from Herman Webster Mudgett to Herman Henry Holmes. In 1886, he married Myrta Belknap, but never bothered to get a divorce from Clara. Eight years later, in 1894, Holmes went to Denver and married Georgiana Yoke, without divorcing Myrta first. The Worlds Fair Hotel The Worlds Fair Hotel was also known as Holmes murder castle.. Chicago History Museum / Getty Images In Chicago, Holmes took a job in a drugstore that he eventually ended up purchasing. He then bought an empty lot across the street, and planned the construction of a two-story building which would include retail space on the ground floor and apartments above. Construction began in 1887. After a year of work, Holmes hadnt paid the architects or steel suppliers, so they took him to court. Construction resumed, and by 1892, Chicago was preparing for the Worlds Columbian Exposition. The Exposition, commonly called the 1893 Worlds Fair, would bring plenty of visitors to the city, so Holmes decided to add a third floor to his building and turn it into a hotel. The building, which he named the Worlds Fair Hotel, was never completed, and Holmes continued his history of running insurance scams and defaulting on bills. He worked in his drugstore while the building was being constructed, and it is believed that his first victim was his mistress, Julia Smythe, who worked at the jewelry counter. Smythe was married; she and her husband lived in an apartment upstairs. Smythe and her daughter disappeared in December 1891 and their bodies were never found; Holmes later claimed she died following a botched abortion. Two other women who worked in the building, Emeline Cigrande and Edna Van Tassel, also disappeared over the next couple of years. Holmes persuaded an actress named Minnie Williams to sign the deed to her Texas property over to him, using the alias Alexander Bond. The two of them began living together, and Williams sister Nannie came to visit in July 1893; both sisters vanished and were never seen again. With insurance investigators closing in, suspecting Holmes of numerous fraudulent claims, he left Chicago and went to the Texas property he had conned from Williams. Once in Fort Worth, he attempted to replicate the building of his Chicago hotel, and continued to swindle investors, construction crews, and suppliers. He was finally arrested in 1894. While in jail, Holmes struck up a friendship with Marion Hedgepeth, known as The Debonair Bandit. Holmes planned to collect an insurance payout by faking his own death, and offered Hedgepeth $500 for the name of a lawyer who could be trusted to process the fraudulent paperwork. Hedgepeth later told investigators about Holmes insurance fraud scheme. Once back in Philadelphia, Holmes killed a carpenter named Benjamin Pitezel and filed the claim on himself, using Pitezels corpse. Shortly afterwards, he killed Pitezels daughters and buried them in the basement of his Toronto home. A detective investigating the case discovered the childrens decomposing bodies, leading police back to Chicago, where they closed in on Holmes. Investigation, Trial, and Conviction Marion Hedgepeth, the Debonair Bandit, tipped police off to Holmes whereabouts. Bettmann / Getty Images When Chicago police searched Holmes hotel, historians say they discovered, soundproof rooms, secret passages and a disorienting maze of hallways and staircases. The rooms were also outfitted with trapdoors over chutes that dropped Holmes’ unsuspecting victims to the building’s basement. Holmes was arrested for the murder of Pitezel and his children, and sentenced to death. Before his execution, he confessed to the murders of 27 people; that number has been disputed because several of the people he claimed to have killed were still alive. At one point, he claimed to have been possessed by Satan. While he was in prison, his hotel mysteriously caught fire and burned to the ground. In May 1896, Holmes was hanged. Over a hundred years after his death, rumors spread that Holmes had faked his execution, and his body was exhumed in 2017 for testing. Dental records determined that it was in fact Holmes in the grave. Sources Editors, History.com. â€Å"Murder Castle.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 13 July 2017, www.history.com/topics/crime/murder-castle.Hirschlag, Allison. â€Å"9 Things You Didnt Know About Americas First Serial Killer, H.H. Holmes.†Ã‚  Mental Floss, 16 May 2017, mentalfloss.com/article/72642/9-things-you-didnt-know-about-americas-first-serial-killer-hh-holmes.Larson, Erik.  The Devil in the White City - Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America. Vintage Books, 2004.Pawlak, Debra. â€Å"American Gothic: The Strange Life of H.H. Holmes.†Ã‚  The Mediadrome - History - American Gothic: H.H. Holmes, web.archive.org/web/20080611011945/themediadrome.com/content/articles/history_articles/holmes.htm.

Marketing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing assignment - Essay Example We are now in an age where taking care of children is already a shared responsibility and as such, she should widen her segmentation to include the husband as well. Instead of just women, she should target both the mother and father who shares the parenting responsibility. Such, the best market for Trap-Ease are parents and not solely women. Martha should also capitalized on the non-poison aspect of controlling the mouse problem. Such, she should also target the environmentalist who are concerned with the use of poison in controlling the rodents as it contributes to global warming. Companies and industrial sites should also be targeted as they too have a pest issue to contend. The specification of Trap-Ease suits them as the product is well-designed that its aesthetics will fit the corporate and industrial setting. 4) Describe the current marketing mix for Trap-Ease. Do you see any problems with this mix? For the marketing mix of introducing her product to its target market, Martha h as Trap-Ease as a product. Her pricing seems to be okay because there is no apparent price resistance with the product. Given the cost that she needs to recoup, it is not advisable for her to cut its price but she just have to work on the scale of her sales.

Issues of Transportation and Mobility Under Urbanization Process Research Paper

Issues of Transportation and Mobility Under Urbanization Process - Research Paper Example There is a big relationship between the urban transport structure and history. The residents of Toronto in particular have gained much access to personal cars due to developed infrastructure. This paper examines how urbanization has led to increased mobility and transportation. On the other hand, it reviews the problems associated with these developments. At the end of the day, the government has put up measures to counter problems associated to transport. This research paper comprehensively discusses the topic under question with reference to relevant sources that talks about case studies in similar situations. How transportation has developed in Toronto area Public transport system in Toronto has developed greatly after the year 1953 (Goodfellow et al., 2012, p.25). City is important in the North American state (Canada) since it is highly populated. This post war era saw urbanization across the world. In the same year, the Metropolitan Toronto made efforts of taking control of the public transit. The body did a good job of introducing two-tier system that improved the transportation system. The metropolitan’s government efforts extensively funded the project to become a success in the history of transportation (Kenworthy 2007, p.50). This funding reduced debts that the institution had. Despite digging deeper for the project, the institution realized great development that eased public transportation. This move would later form back born of transportation of the area. However, this development invited problems for the transportation and mobility. Car ownership increased which meant traffic snarl-ups. The number of households owing cars increased and the metropolitan government had to deal with problems like effects of automobiles on the environment, pedestrians. Since the Second World War, more vehicles have increased into the road (Renne & Fields 2013b, p.580). On the other hand, the public had to deal with long distances since the government had not p rovided incentives for constructing bypasses. Private car ownership increased. Traffic officials do have difficult time controlling private motorists. They always break the rules since and crackdown on them has proved hectic for the traffic police. In the post war era, mobility also proved difficult for the pedestrians. This mad the government to go back to the drawing table to salvage the situation. Pedestrians have equal rights to use the road. Motorists at this time were not considerate of this group of people and it resulted into numerous accidents (Kenworthy 2007, p.50). This resulted to traffic congestions, overcrowding at the public transport. In several occasions, the pedestrians were stranded in the city. Increase in car numbers also brought about parking problems in towns. There were many cars with limited parking space. The vehicles also affect environment. Comparable case studies Many case studies exist on transportation, which are comparable to the situations in Toronto (Renne & Fields 2013b, p.580). This book talks about case studies in major cities of the world that are metropolitan in nature. Cities like Tokyo, Moscow, Osaka Japan and New York have the same transportation features as Toronto. There is a case study on the transit system of Toronto. The system paves way for trolley buses and trams in the stations. It has really helped in improving mobility of city travelers. These modes of transportation and mobility are mostly popular in New York, a city that once faced mobility problems. Toronto Transit Commission

Do the different types of Islamic Art have any common, unifying Essay

Do the different types of Islamic Art have any common, unifying characteristics - Essay Example s of art to illuminate the reality of this claim that â€Å"different types of Islamic art have myriad common and unifying characteristics.† This essay seeks to promote this message that it is important to not overlook many common features which run through the extremely vivid and captivating art created in the lands of Islam. It is the existence of common features in all forms of Islamic art which help to make it remarkably coherent despite changing times and regional and cultural differences. Different types of Islamic art like architectural designs, calligraphy, and textile resonate strongly of common characteristics. This common ground lends a kind of coherence to Islamic art making it unique and distinguished. The most important art-form in Islamic art in which a substantial amount of hard work and time got invested by artists is related to calligraphy. This art-form enjoyed the same level of prestige, honor, and attention in Islamic world as painting did in Christian art. Painting was not considered a very noble form of art which is why more attention was paid to calligraphy. Writing, which has a very status in the world of Islam, was used as a highly valuable literary embellishment to perfect religious manuscripts and other buildings (Hussain 2009). Architects extensively relied on writing to decorate their buildings. As Prophet Muhammad used to divine the word of God, the use of beautiful writing to codify the holy revelations became very popular in later years. Calligraphy was used to create the Qurans in addition to decorating buildings with moving ayahs taken from the Quran. Using calligraphy to decorate buildings became important because depiction of figures or the human form is co nsidered a sin in Islam. Unlike Christian art which relies on figures to decorate buildings and regularly portrays the human forms, Islamic art depends on calligraphy to achieve the same effect without attracting wrath of God. Because of being a major art-form, calligraphic

Assessing Poverty in South Asia

Assessing Poverty in South Asia Introduction UNDP has taken an initiative to publish SOUTH ASIA POVERTY MONITOR periodically to assess the poverty situation at national grassroots level through the existing national expertise in South Asia. As part of this initiative a country report will be prepared for Bangladesh as well. The Bangladesh country report will be prepared through both quantitative and qualitative approach. Unnayan Shamannay is proposing to conduct the qualitative part of the study. Rationale for Qualitative Approach Statistical data do help very little in understanding what the variation means. Qualitative data, on the other hand, illustrate the value of detailed, descriptive data in deepening our understanding of individual variation.They give rise synergistically to insights and solutions that would not come about without them (Palton 1990:15-17) Qualitative approach can provide a depth of understanding of the issues associated with poverty that the more formal and statistically valid approaches may not. This class of studies includes the increasingly popular techniques of rapid and participatory rural appraisal and beneficiary assessment (WB 1992: 8-4). Objectives The objectives of this study are as follows: Assess poverty through qualitative methodology Complement the quantitative approach with qualitative one. Add qualitative dimension to the Bangladesh Country Report. Scope The scope of this qualitative study will be to: Identify indicators of poverty through a participatory approach Identify and monitor changes in the poverty situation Assess the impact of some of the poverty alleviation measures Analyse the findings Topics/Issues to be Addressed Poverty profile and poverty indicators are some of the important components of poverty assessment. Poverty assessment will be carried out in participatory manner. Broad topics on the extent of poverty, identification of sub-groups, nature of poverty, characteristics of the poor and risk management have been included in the proposed research agenda. Moreover, poverty monitoring will also be conducted periodically and it will act as a barometer to measure the changes in various socio-economic and welfare indicators relating to the lives of the poorest households. Methods to be Used All major qualitative research methods will be used in the study. Interview will be extensively used in the study including its key variants, namely participatory group discussion, focus group discussion, standardised open-ended interview and case study (Figure 1). In addition to interview, other methods of qualitative inquiry, namely observation and document analysis will also be made use of in the study. Selection of Sample Areas Qualitative exercises will be conducted in both urban and rural settings of the country. To cover the greater diversity in socio-economic environments, three different regional configurations of northern, central and southern parts of the country would be accommodated in the study. A total of six villages including two from each part would be covered under the study. In urban area, at least three slum areas would be covered to facilitate the comparison and triangulation of data and information. However, for monitoring of poverty in the selected six villages and three urban slums, certain number of the poorest households will be selected from each of the study sites. Out of six villages, three will be selected in such a manner where at least anti-poverty intervention by government is in operation. These three villages will serve as programme villages and they will be drawn from the three parts of the country including one from each. Besides, other three villages will also be selected nearby where there is no poverty focused government intervention. These three will serve as control villages in the three parts of the country. Sample Size Most of the topics would be addressed at the community level and no specific number of participants are needed to be ascertained beforehand. For poverty monitoring, a total of 120 poorest households will be selected  ¾ 90 from six villages and 30 from three urban slums. The poorest households will be selected through consultation with the respective community members. Tools to be Used In selecting tools desirable characteristics namely easy, simple, visual, non-verbal etc., must be taken into accounts. As PRA tools are recognized to have all these desirable characteristics, most of the tools will be drawn from its repertoire. Important PRA tools that will be extensively used in the poverty assessment include scoring and ranking, matrix ranking, wealth/well-being ranking, time line, social mapping, pie chart and so forth (Figure 1). Validity and Reliability Although the qualitative data are essentially based on the perception, opinion and judgement of the participants, the quality of data would be, nevertheless, refined through of the triangulation principle underlying the research design of this study. A combination of multiple sources, researchers/facilitators and on-the-spot cross-checking of data through discussion, debate and deliberation among the community participants would minimise the degree of error and bias of data to the minimum. Besides, the field observation by the researchers would in addition , act as a guard against any major inconsistency and biasness of data. Activities to be Undertaken For conducting the study a number of activities will be undertaken. The activities include: Identifying and reviewing available literature Now-a-days wide ranging literature on poverty is available. Different facets of poverty have been discussed in those literature. The indicators, measurement process, sampling frame etc. also differ. For a qualitative study for monitoring poverty, the volume of the problem further increases. The approach is not only different but gives a deeper insight. To make it complement the qualitative approach the literature on poverty needs a review. For this purpose all available literature on poverty will be reviewed. Analyse presently used indicators Before finalising the indicators for assessment of poverty there is a need for analysing the presently used indicators. This will provide a rational basis for the use of the indicators in the qualitative study. Pre-testing The indicators and tools to be used in the study will be pre-tested in the field. This will help understand the effectiveness of tools. Primary field visit Before starting field work a primary field visit is needed to get acquainted with the actual field condition. Training of field/research officers The field/research officers who will be engaged in this study are competent and experienced. Even then the field/research officers need training/orientation for doing such work. With this purpose they will be imparted in-house and field training. Processing of data/information The data/information processing in qualitative study is not similar to that of quantitative one. The information generated through qualitative approach is processed in a different manner. Different factors and aspects of reality are considered while classifying these information. Field activities The field activities to be undertaken in this study will require two types of work: a. in rural area and b. in urban area. Rural area: The activities in rural area will require identifying the group/sub-group, building up rapport with them and conducting the sessions. These activities have to be co-ordinated with the day-to-day activities e.g., ploughing or rowing time etc., of the participants. Rrban area: In urban area conducting participatory session is a difficult task. Urban life makes it difficult for the participants to spare time for such research. Besides building up a better rapport, tools need to be designed and adjusted accordingly. Document analysis Significant insights can be found through document analysis. Even discrepancies between reality and pronounced goals can be identified. CHAPTER X PROBLEMS IDENTIFICATION AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT BY THE POOR Problems and Needs Assessment By the Poor Problems facing the poor were identified by the poor themselves, and a list of felt needs were the outcome of the participatory discussion, debates and consensus among themselves. Two sets of problems and needs were assessed in a participatory manner each for the urban and rural areas. Urban Setting To the urban slum poor, homelessness and eviction from slums are the topmost problems. Other serious problems identified by the poor include lack of good health and water facilities, employment opportunities, security, education, latrine, gas, etc. (Exhibit 38). Regarding the needs assessment, the urban poor listed and prioritized their felt needs. Some of the most important are, latrine, shelter, drinking water, electricity, gas, security, rationing, employment and so on (Exhibit 39). Rural Setting Agricultural inputs, irrigation and culverts are considered to be the topmost problems by the rural poor. Apart from these, some other most serious problems mentioned by them are related to health, electricity, unemployment, flood, drinking water, industrialisation, veterinary facilities, silting up of rivers etc. (Exhibit 40). According to the needs assessment and prioritization by the rural poor, some of the most important needs as articulated by themselves are industries for employment, agricultural inputs at a fair price, rural roads, irrigation, electricity, school and madrasa, medical facilities etc. (Exhibit 41). Chapter IX Monitoring THE Impact of Public Expenditure on Poverty Objective The primary objective of monitoring of impact of public expenditure on poverty in this chapter is to understand the living condition of the poor. This is more of an illustrative exercise rather than a whole sector monitoring of poverty. The issue of representativeness has to be, therefore, viewed in this context. One of the stated objectives of the development strategy of both present and previous governments is to reduce poverty. A growing share of public expenditure is claimed to have been allocated to the development activities ostensibly aiming at poverty reduction in the recent past, and this is likely to be continued in the future. Against this background of increasing the public expenditure allocation to poverty alleviating projects, it is needed to know the effects and impacts of these expenditure on poverty alleviation. In this section a number of key questions have been addressed: Does the benefit of the public expenditure reach those lying at the bottom of the income scale ? Is there any sign of improvement in the condition of the poorest of the poor ? How do the selected poverty indicators behave ? Do they improve, deteriorate or oscillate ? In case of improvement, at what pace do they improve ? Based on the findings from these questions, an attempt will be made to assess the quality of public expenditure in terms of a set of selected indicators. To understand the trend of the impact of public expenditure on poverty, we started monitoring the behaviour of some selected indicators of poverty in both the urban and rural areas since 1993 as the base year. The qualitative and quantitative data generated throu gh the participatory tools have been used for this poverty monitoring. This is the first round of the periodic monitoring of poverty in a participatory manner. Poverty Assessment and Monitoring: Peoples Views The poverty assessment carried out under this study has two components. The community members actively participated in the assessment of their well-being by listing and categorizing of all the households by themselves in several groups based on their own criteria. This is, in fact, a subjective assessment. Secondly, after categorization, all households were arranged in descending order on the basis of well-being scores of each of the households resulting in the identification of the poorest of the poor in the respective communities lying at the bottom of the scale with quantitative precision which was again vetted by the community members/participants. The poverty of some of the poorest households in the community has been monitored on the selected indicators. As this monitoring is based on hard data, it, therefore, gives us an objective assessment of the living standard of the poorest. (Figure 9.1) The poverty sitution in the urban and rural areas has been assessed in a participator y manner. Instead of applying any pre-conceived ideas, standards, measures or categories by the researchers to measure poverty as is done conventionally, the criteria used in this study has been developed by the people at the community level. The basic question relating to poverty measurement or assessment is who is poor and how to identify him/her. Based mainly on qualitative data information Based mainly on quantitative data information Criteria Unlike a single standard or formula as applied in the conventional methodology, the community-members consider it appropriate to use a set of socio-economic criteria to assess the economic and social status of a household. For this purpose, the researchers and facilitators involved in the study initiated a series of group-level discussions and community-level validations. The community people developed their own criteria (Box 9.1) to assess the status of their own members and also to categorize them into a set of social classes. The more important criteria developed by the rural people in the selected villages are, among others, the amount of land owned and cultivated, the number of earning members, cash in hand, the housing condition, the amount of fixed assets, the family size, other sources of income, whether a household is female or male headed, etc. Prevalence of poverty Based on the above criteria, the community people identified the poor (moderate poor) and the poorest (extreme or hardcore poor) households in their own community. As poverty was assessed at the household level, the status of all the households in the community was assessed and categorized into four classes, namely well-off, medium, poor and poorest. In the urban slums, 72 percent of the households were found poor (moderate: 51, hardcore: 21) and 28 percent non-poor (middle: 19, well-off:9) (Tables 9.1 and 9.2). The incidence of poverty was, however, found to be widely different in different slums. In one sample slum there were no well-off households in 1996 although there were many in another sample. In the rural area, 75 percent of the households were classified as poor (moderate: 20 and hardcore: 55) whereas 25 percent were classified as non-poor (middle:14 and well-off: 11) (Table 9.3). Regionally, the incidence of poverty was more acute (moderate: 17, hardcore: 60) in the central part compared to that (moderate: 25, hardcore:47) in the northern part. The findings generated by the PRA exercise were further validated by the people in the respective community. So the scope of subjective bias, if any, was greatly reduced. Poverty Monitoring Using Panel Data Set (Quantitative) Being a value loaded term, poverty as such cannot be measured quantitatively/objectively. The debate on the issue abounds in the literature. But the symptoms and aspects of poverty can be measured and monitored by means of a series of socio-economic indicators that proxy the level of well-being of people. That is why, an attempt has been made in this section to measure and monitor poverty through a number of indicators/variables in two different years i.e., 1993 and 1996. Most of the indicators used for monitoring were suggested by the community members (Box 9.1.). The number of indicators used here are meant to have satisfied the desirable criteria, namely, unambiguity, consistency, specificity, sensitivity and ease of collection (Carvalho and White, 1994). Change in Demographic and Socio-economic Profiles of the Poorest Households During 1993-96 Demographic and Social Characterstics Family size and composition The population of the poorest households and their average family size grew by 5 percent over the monitoring period 1993-96 (Table 9.4). However, the populatioin growth rate is found to have been higher at 7.2 percent for the urban poor compared to 4.4 percent in the rural area over the same period. The family size of the poorest households in the rural area is, however, found to be higher at 4.2 in 1993 and increased further to 4.4 in 1996. The family size of the urban poor was lower at 3.5 in 1993, and it grew to 3.7 in 1996. In the rural area, the family size of the FFE-households is found to be much higher at 6.0 on an average in both the central and northern parts compared to those for the non-FFE households in both programme and control villages in 1996 (Table 9.5). Another important demographic characteristic of the poorest households is their family composition. In 1996, the FFE households are found to have a male majority  ¾ 61 percent compared to 49 percent and 41 percent for the non-FFE households in the programme and control villages respectively. The family composition is, however, found reverse for the poorest families in the urban slums. The poorest households had a female majority at 62 percent in 1996 (Table 9.6). The above findings pose some questions challenging the appropriateness of the main thrust of the development strategy being pursued by the government in the country. The much-publicized motto two children are enough seems to have been irrelevant so far as the poorest people are concerned in both the urban and rural areas. The increasing growth rates in populatioin and family size suggest that under the existing socio-economic conditions, their economic and social securities lie not in smaller family but in larger one. Earning members and incidence of child labour The poorest households and their different groups are found to have peculiar characterstics in the composition of their earning members. Overall, close to half of the earning members are men, and one-fourth are women and boys each in 1996 (Table 7.17). Against this general distribution of the earning members, the poorest families in the urban and rural areas are found to have different compositions of earning members by age and gender. In the urban slums, female earning members accounted for 43 percent (women: 36% and girls: 7%) among all the earners compared to 24 percent (women:23% girls:1%) in the rural area (Table 7.17 and 9.7). Female children are not found to have been as active in income earning activities previously as they are found to be in 1996. The preponderance of male income earners is found to be more prominent among the poorest households in the rural area. At the disaggregate level, the difference is more revealing in the rural areas. The participation of girls in income earning activities is found to be very minimal throughout the rural areas (Table 9.8). Among the FFE-households, womens participation in income earning activities is very small (3%), but it is widely observed (33%-36%) among the non-FFE households . Among the FFE households, the preponderance of male child labour is observed, and this remained unchanged throughout the monitoring period despite the programme intervention in the rural areas. The incidence of child labour among the earning members of the FFE households is found to be 40 and 41 percent in the central and northern parts respectively of the country, and this remained unchanged in both the areas during the period 1993-1996. The poor impact of the FFE programme on the incidence of child labour at large in the rural areas is also revealed sharply if we focus on the trend in the incidence of child labour. Overall, 25 percent of the boys of all ages were involved in income earning activities in 1993, and this remained almost at the same level (24%) in 1996. As the boys, the incidence of female child labour among the earning members is found to be at a much lower level (1.2%) in 1993 and this remained at that level 1996 as well. The above findings raise an important question to the fore: why is the FFE programme found to be ineffective in reducing the incidence of child labour ? The answer to this question should be searched not in the programme itself but in the economics. For the poorest households, the opportunity cost of sparing a boy from education is around Tk. 14 a day (wage rate) in 1996 (Table 9.9). The financial benefit gained from the FFE programme by a rural poor household is found not so significant at Tk. 4.85 (Tk. 0.81 per capita per day) a day for a boy (Table 9.10). The participatioin of a poor family in the FFE programme causes a substantial income loss to that family. As the benefit under the programme cannot offset the income loss that an extremely poor family has to incur, the appeal of the programme to a precariously income-poor family is found to be weak. This finding is found consistent with that of other studies (Ahmed and Billah,1995). Female-headed households One of the important demographic features of the poorest households is that close to one-third of them were female-headed during the reference period (Table 9.11). More than half of the sample households (55%) are found to be female-headed in the urban slums compared to 23% in the rural households during the same period. Another important demographic feature of the three groups of the poorest households is that only 5 percent of the FFE households have been female headed compared to 25 percent and 40 percent for the non-FFE households respectively in the programme and control villages in 1993 (Table 9.12A). This composition remained unchanged even in 1996. The above findings suggest that the FFE households are found to be relatively stable not only in respect of assets (details later) but also demographically. The preponderance of female-headed households among the non-FFE household groups imply that these households are not only income-poor but also subject to a higher degree of vulnerability and defencelessness both economically and socially. In the urban slums, a significant portion of the poorest households happened to be female-headed during the monitoring period (Table 9.12B) The gender focus of poverty is found more pronounced among the poorest segment of the slum-dwellers compared to those in the rural area. Table 9.11 shows that more than half (55%) of the sample households have been female-headed compared to that (23%) among the rural counterparts during the same period. Begging households Altogether, 6% of the poorest households are found engaged in begging. In the urban slums, none of the poorest households is found in this category (Table 9.13) and all begging households under our sample belong to the rural area. Besides, all these households are found among the non-FFE groups. (Table 9.14). These households are more vulnerable and extremely poverty-ridden mainly due to some unfavourable demographic factors. The households engaged in begging are relatively small (3.8) in family size compared to the sample average (4.2) in 1996. Moreover, the dependancy ratio for the begging households is lower (2.7) compared to that for the sample households (3.0) in 1996.The predominance of women among the earning members points to the poor income level of these households. As the dependency ratio is very low, it implies that most of the family members are forced to go for earning activities due to their poverty. Income Source of income The poorest households have limited sources of income. The urban poor are usually engaged in unskilled manual labour. Similar is the case with the rural poor (Table: 9.15) as well. Sale of labour has been the main source of the rural poor accounting for 82% of their total income in 1993. This has marginally increased to 84 in 1996. Agriculture is the second most important source of income making up only 12% of the total income of the rural poor in 1993 and 10% in 1996. Only 1% of the income of the rural poor has been derived from livestock, a new source of income, in 1996. Nominal income In the rural area, the income of the poorest households has been found to be miserably low during the monitoring period. The per capita daily income of these households was Tk. 6.9 in 1993. This increased to Tk. 7.4 in 1996 showing an 7% growth (Table 9.16). Their per household daily income grew by 12% from Tk. 29 in 1993 to Tk 33 in 1996. The higher growth rate of nominal income is mainly due to a positive growth of the nominal wage rate (12%) alongwith a growth of the number of earning members (5%) of the poorest households. The low per capita income is partly due to the large family size and its growth over the monitoring period. The low income of the poorest households is the result of a number of socio-economic factors, e.g., low wage rate (Table 9.9), poor asset base, poor human capability due to illiteracy (Tables 7.31 and 7.32), low access to economic opportunities, etc. The impact of the FFE programme does not seem to have been appreciable on the level of income of the programme households. Although the programme has had some positive impact on the growth of income (15% in per capita and 18% in per households terms during 1993-1996), its contribution to the growth is difficult to ascertain. However, other findings indicate that the contribution of the programme to the income of the programme households is insignificant (Tk. 0.81 per capita/daily, Tk. 4.85 per household/daily, 15% of the average household income) (Tables 9.10 and 9.16). The per capita nominal income of the poorest households in the urban slums was Tk. 12 a day in 1993 and increased to Tk. 19 a day in 1996 representing a 31 percent growth (Table 9.17). The per household daily income of the urban poor increased by a higher rate of 40 percent from Tk. 41 a day to Tk. 58 during the same period. The income of the urban poor increased by a much higher rate than that of the rural poor in both per capita and per household terms because of the higher growth rates of wage (29%) (Table 9.9) and of earners per household (17%) (Table 9.7), lower family size (3.7), etc. Moreover, gainful economic opportunities are greater in the urban area relative to the rural area. Real income The income of the poorest households in real terms (in kilogram of coarse rice) is found to have declined across the board during the monitoring period. In the rural area, the per capita real income of the poorest households declined by 22% on an average from 0.9 in 1993 to 0.7 kilograms of coarse rice in 1996 (Table 9.18). Barring the FFE households, the per household real income has registered a sharp decline during the same period irrespective of differences in regional diversity. Due to the income support under the FFE programme, the FFE households could avoid the sharp fall of income. The per capita real income for the FFE households has declined by 13% against a 20 to 25 percent decline for the non-FFE households over the same peiod. Overall, despite an 7% increase in per capita income in nominal terms on an average during 1993-96 (Table 9.16), the corresponding real income took an appreciably higher downward trend (22%) (Table 9.18) caused by a 24 to 43 percent price hike of c oarse rice in the rural areas during the same peirod (Table 9.19). The per capita real income of the urban poor remained unchanged, whereas, the per household real income marked an upward trend (5%) during the monitoring period (Table 9.20). The per capita real income of the urban poor is almost double at 1.4 kg a day of that of the rural poor in 1993 which remained almost unchanged during the same period. The per household real income of the poorest households stood in urban slums at 4.7 kg and 5.0 kg a day in 1993 and 1996 respectively recording a 5% growth. The poorest households in the urban slums are relatively better off than their rural counterparts in respect of per household real income which declined by 16% for the latter during the same period (Table 9.18). Wage rate The unskilled wage rate is considered to be an important indicator for monitoring poverty. The wage rate of all categories of unskilled wage labourers is found to have increased in both the rural and urban areas (Table 9.9). In the rural area, the daily nominal wage rate increased by 11.7% from Tk. 17.2 in 1993 to Tk. 19.2 in 1996 (Tables 9.7, 9.16, 9.24 and 9.25). The wage rate is found to be much higher for the urban slum-dwellers, and it grew by 29% from the level of Tk. 35.8 in 1993 to Tk. 46.1 in 1996 (Tables 9.9, 9.21, 9.22 and 9.23). Although the wage rate for unskilled labourers increased during the monitoring period, the purchasing power of the poor labourers did not rise due to a higher rate of price increase in the case of coarse rice. The average wage rate for unskilled wage labourers, in fact, declined across the board in real terms during the monitoring period. However, the poor in the northern part had to sustain a much higher rate of fall (22%) in real wage rate compared to 14% for those in the central part during this period (Table 9.24). Consumption Consumption of food The consumption of rice and wheat  ¾ the staple food items of the poorest households  ¾ is found to have recorded opposite trends among these households in the urban and rural areas. In the urban slums, the per capita daily consumption of food (rice and wheat) was 442 grams in 1993 and it rose to 514 grams in 1996 representing a 16 per cent growth (Table 9.25). The increase in the consumption level of food in terms of both per adult equivalent unit and per household units has also been substantial, 18 and 25 percent respectively during the monitoring period. These findings, however, conceal the substantially low level of food intake observed in one of the slums where poverty is found to be more acute (Table 9.26). In the rural area, the trend in food consumption is, however, found to have consistantly sunk during the monitoring period in per capita and per adult equivalent and per household terms (Table 9.27). The per capita daily consumption of rice and wheat declined from the level of 585 grams in 1993 to 566 in 1996 showing a 3 percent decrease. The food consumption per adult equivalent unit is found to have been at a much higher level  ¾ 797 grams in 1993 and 786 grams a day in 1996 – recording a relatively small fall during the period. Per household consumption, likewise declined during the same period. The declining trend in food intake is true of both the programme and non-programme households during the same period. The consistent fall in the level of consumption of food is largely due to the fall in real income and expansion of the average family size of the poorest households during the monitoring period. Box 9.2: Food Security: A Quantitative Assessment In order to assess the poverty status of sample households, the heads of the households were asked to make self-assessments in respect of poverty. Their self-assessed status may be categorized as follows: Chronic deficit households reporting food shortage throughout the year; Occasional deficit households reporting food shortage occasionally in a year;

Oedipus and Maze of Destiny Essay -- Literary Analysis

Responsibility is key to living a life that is one's own. In the play, "Oedipus Rex," by Sophocles, The tragic protagonist, Oedipus, was afflicted with a harsh sense of guilt once he learned that he has killed his father and married his mother. The play presents this appalling outcome through a prophecy that leads the audience to assume that Oedipus, like the rest of humanity, has little control over their destinies. People of the time when the play was first written, as well as many Christians today believe that God has a plan for everyone, but they are still responsible for the choices they make. In a life of uncertainty, people must try not to be afraid of what may lie ahead and press forward. Many tough decisions must be made that will develop aspects of their characters along these paths, which were separately designed for specific people. In this sense, life can be thought of as a maze. In Oedipus's case, he was given a hint about one of the paths within his maze. Another thought that exemplifies the significance that free will holds, is seen in elements of Sophocles' classic, which revealed that Oedipus had more knowledge over the details of his dilemma than he let himself become conscious of. The last idea will reveal how the onset of fear will push people down a treacherous path of risk and pain, which is also seen in the play through multiple characters. Free will is an attribute that all people possess. It could work as a tool to get individuals through the scary twists their lives may entail. It could also work against them in many ways, which depends on the level of human weakness and ignorance. But, the most important assertion that can be made after considering the argument of, "fate vs. free will," is that... ...e individual and lays out the structure of the life that this person was meant to wander. Similar to God, Apollo could only predict the different paths that Oedipus would take. The unchangeable factors of life have a large effect on how a person lives, but this does not mean that they are not the leaders of their own destinies. The knowledge of what was to come made Oedipus’s journey much more complicated, but it was his duty to deal with it in his own way, because this maze was his own to bid upon. Works Cited Sophocles, Frederic Will, and Bernard Knox. Oedipus the King. New York: Pocket, 2005. Print. Sophocles, Frederic Will, and Bernard Knox. "Critical Experts." Oedipus the King. New York: Pocket, 2005. Print. Abcarian, Richard, Marvin Klotz, and Samuel Cohen. Literature: the Human Experience. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2010. Print.

Introduction Speech Guideline

The Day I was Born Speech For your Introduction speech you will present a brief speech on the day you were born. This speech is meant to be an icebreaker and is your time to introduce yourself to your fellow classmates and me. Do some research and find out a few interesting pieces about the day you were born. If you cannot find anything you would like to use on the exact day, you may expand out to the week, month, or year. Please try to stay within the year though.Your speech should focus on 2-4 specific topics such as a lattice event, a natural disaster, a musical group, a technological achievement, another moment in history, etc. (keep in mind the time limit). Use the library resources tab on Blackboard to help you with your research. Skills focus: Show ability to do minor research and effectively present Ideas at an introductory level. Formal Introduction to course concepts will come with future class lectures, and practice of these concepts will come with future formal speeches. Grading: This speech is worth 25 points.You may earn up to 15 points for the actual speech and up to 10 points for your research worksheet and works cited. Requirements: 0 2 minute extemporaneous presentation (e. G. Meaning prepared from note cards). DO NOT manuscript your speech (write it out word-for-word). You are allowed a 30 second buffer on either end; beyond that, there is a 2 point loss. 0 Complete the research worksheet (attached) and use it as a guide to help you. C] Works Cited page (Pick MEAL or PAP, but be consistent) – this should only include the actual citations you use In your speech. See BlackBoard under Documents/Websites for formatting help.Q Minimum of 3 sources of your choice; please note, Walked does not count as a source. Make sure you are checking the credibility of your sources, as well (we will cover this more in chapter 7). You may use someone you interview as one of your sources. Please note it is ALWAYS important to orally cite your sources throu ghout your speech – see BlackBoard for handout (we will cover this more in chapter 7). 0 No more than 3 one-sided EX. note cards (or equivalent). Visual aids are not required for this speech. Ã'Ëœ You will need a brief introduction that leads into the 2-4 items that you chose to tell us about, followed by a brief conclusion.Be creative. Here Is a sample introduction: 0 I was born In the spring of 1 974, April 24th to be exact. I share my birthday with Barbara Strained, Cedi the Entertainer, novelist Sue Grafton, and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. It was a year of Impeachments, atomic scares, and kidnapped millionaires. But on the warm spring afternoon I was born, political turmoil was the order of the day. (category) order. See the index of your textbook to find more information on these organizational patterns. Fox While you will not have a lot of time to go into great detail, pick a few things that you can expand on in your speech although briefly.Practice in front of a clock or timer to be sure you are speaking for roughly 2 minutes. Please Note: This is Just an ice-breaker speech to get you into the speech presentation mode. This is meant to introduce you to what is expected (in a more polished manner) in future speeches. Make sure to email me or see me in person if you have any questions or need any help. The Learning Assistance Center located in the University Center 170 is available to assist you. Good luck and have fun with this speech! Name: Research Worksheet What day was I born? Who might I interview to find out more about the day I was born? 1 . 2.What are three very specific questions I would ask about the day I was born? 1 . 3. What resources might I use to find out information about the day I was born aside from interviews? I have provided three; list three others that you use (or may use) in your research efforts. 1 . Facts on File: World News Digest – you can access this through Steely Library online. 2. Time Magazine – you can access this through Steely Library online or in person. 3. The New York Times – you can access through Steely Library online or in person. 4. 5. 6. What are three things that I found in my research that are interesting enough to mention in my speech?

Quality Management Analysis Essay Example

Quality Management Analysis Essay Example Quality Management Analysis Essay Quality Management Analysis Essay Quality has been and will always be the focus of any business industry or public service and its been a subject of contention over the years. Total Quality Management was initially developed by Deming and Juran who are recognized as pioneers of the TQM approach. Deming and Juran believed that quality and productivity were issues that could be achieved and were not conflicting objectives and the basic proposition was that all production processes were vulnerable to quality problems caused by variations. The approach focuses on the minimisation of variation levels in order to improve output quality. According to Goetsch (2001) TQM process begins with the customer and ends with the customer as illustrated in the diagram below. The process takes specific inputs and thus customers wants, needs and expectations and transforms or processes the inputs within the organisation to produce goods or services that, in turn, satisfy the customer and thats an output. The above diagram also shows the initial basic purposes of TQM, which was to increase the quality and efficiency, therefore having less waste and achieve higher productivity in order to satisfy all the customers. This is supported by Atkinson (1990) who urged that TQM is an organisation-wide commitment to getting things right and should affect every level inside the organisation. Quality should constitute the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears upon its ability to satisfy given needs (EOQ 2005). This applies to any public sector and it is disturbing and one would wonder whether CSC staff are trained and work according to the organisational processing policy especially when you call at different times and get different information on the requirements and processes. The contradictory information could be used to measure the organisational services and it could be assumed that there is lack of training or it could be competency issues or lack of standardisation with staff at CSC. While we dont have empirical evidence to back up this assumption, our telephone calls to CSC processing unit on different intervals, speaking to different call centre agents asking for the same information, but getting different responses indicates a gap within the system. In retrospect, the overall service quality of the organization could be infringed significantly. This gap could be closed given the Deming proposal to combine relevant resources and skills of quality teams within each department to develop and design processes to improve quality. The literature shows that Quality Management have become proactive, making plans to bring about continuous quality improvement and to achieve a more desirable future. The aim is to get rid of poor quality from the product rather than get rid of poor quality product, therefore the gurus of Quality Management suggests that quality is progressed by establishing proactively rather than reactive management. There are many quality tools that can be used in the CSC operational process and Six Sigma according to Basu and Wright (2003) has to be incontrovertibly applicable to service industry given its objectives that is to gain significant breakthroughs and improved results by doing things better, faster and cheaper. On the other hand Lean Six Sigma achieves quality without waste and focuses on using the minimum amount of resources (people, materials, and capital) to produce solutions and deliver them on time to customers. The process, however, does not have the discipline to deliver results predictably. The application of the two techniques in our view could enhance the CSC services since Lean Sigma is the application of lean techniques to increase speed and reduce waste, while Six Sigma improves quality and focuses on the voice of the Customer. The diagram below illustrates how and what savings and ease of implementation could be applied to CSC processes. However Basu and Wright (2003) urges that FIT ? is more than cost savings, but strengthens the organizations knowledge base, stabilize processes and procedures and breaks down cross-functional barriers. Using the selection process diagram above, we noted that some of the processing activities fall into top selected plot as they are easy to implement. The concept is based on Six Sigma as it is a strategic approach to organizational improvement by integrating strategic thinking with technology, tools and techniques and people. The selected elements are further discussed in the following discussion with a focus on efficiency and elimination of non value adding activities.

Work teams Essays

Work teams Essays Work teams Essay Work teams Essay The main focus of the study is on the factors that are likely to influence the level of learning of team members of a multinational organization that has influence on how the teams will perform and relate within the organization. According to the research analyses that have been carried by various researchers in the area of organizational learning and performance of teams, the factors that affect the learning process of teams in a multinational company and in turn affect the organization’s performance are grouped into two group; those that are within the organization itself and those that come from outside. The factors within the organization in this case considering a subsidiary of a multinational organization include the differences in the backgrounds of the employees of the organization like the cultural backgrounds, religious backgrounds, racial background, gender and age among others, the attitudes of the team members, the organization’s processes of production, and demographics among others. All these factors within the organization affect the learning of the team members in a way that if the management of the organization considers all this factors and offers support to them team members then the learning process will be easy and performance standards will improve a great deal as compared to the organizations where such a consideration is not given to the team members. As concerning the factors out of the control of a multinational company, not may researches have given conclusive results for those external factors because the area of research is more wide making research more difficult. Though that seems to be the case the external factors like structure of the multinational organization, global integration of firms in the business environment, worldwide learning and the local responsiveness of a subsidiary of an organization among other factors in the external environment of a multinational affect the learning of teams in an organization and its performance levels. When the organization is coordinating its activities well with other businesses, when it encourages individuals to learn from others in the other organizations, the subsidiaries are able to support themselves in the production of goods and services and when it is able to make their structures flexible to the different geographical locations team learning will be supported and this will also improve on the performance of the teams in the organizations. The conclusions that than be made from the analysis of team learning, team performance and relations is that when the learning of individuals is supported by using various support techniques available in the organizations they will be able to use the knowledge that they have acquired to improve on their interpersonal relations in the organization creating strong bonds in their teams and work for the best of the organization in that manner improve the performance of the organization. Nhung T. Nguyen, Anson Seers, Nathan S. Hartman (2008). Putting good face on impression management: team citizenship and team satisfaction. Institute of behavioural and applied management, 148-168. In this article the relationship between an individual trying to create a positive image of him or her to the team members and to the organization as a whole and how this is likely to influence the performance of an organization is analyzed. In some if not most cases individuals working in an organization will want to be seen as good employees, by the management and the members of the organization that they associate with. The effects of individuals wanting to portray such good images either by faking them or being real are being questioned a lot. When a person is trying to create a good image of himself or herself he is likely to attract many people around him or her that will automatically form some kind of a group in an organization. The effect will be that his good characters   will influence the members of his team to work for the best interest of the organization provide the team members believe in the image that you have portrayed to them. People will want to associate themselves with those who are being praised in a positive way in the organization. To be identified with that person you have to be able to act and adapt to the way the person who inspires you is behaving. Then impression management will be said to build working team that will cooperate to improve on the organization’s performance. On the other side the implications that may arise from a person wanting to create a good image of himself or herself will be that if the person is doing that for his own selfish interest and the other members discover that it will create mistrust among the members which will lead relationships within the employees the result in lack of coordination in carrying the activities of the organization leading to poor performance. The recommendations that can be made for this study is that the employees should be informed on the need to portray their real images and make positive image improvements for the good reasons only as that will be the only way others will be positively influenced to act for the best of the organization. Anat Drach-Zahavy, Anat Somech (2000). Team heterogeneity and its relationship with team support and team effectiveness. Journal of educational administration, 40, 1. Retrieved online: emeraldinsigth.com/0957-8234 As discussed in the article individuals who work in an organization are not all the same they have differences that will help to identify each person as unique. People in an organization have different work experiences, academic qualifications, perspectives, gender, religion, capabilities among other things that can differentiate people working in an organization. All these differences in people working in an organization if well managed will help an organization to carry out its activities well because people will be assigned to work on duties and tasks that they will be able to carry out well. When differences that exist in people in an organization are well managed the organization will encourage good interpersonal relationships between its employees who will encourage each other to work efficiently and effectively for the good of the organizational goals and objectives. Because organizations also differ in the nature of activities that they carry out the way heterogeneity in the members of their teams differ as well as the results that will be achieved by the organizations. Heterogeneity in an organization can be classified into two groups; one that relates to the tasks a team can perform and the one that is based on the relationships that the team members have. When the differences are associated to the tasks that team can perform in an organization this will support the team members to work for the organizational goals because they will be integrating and complementing each other in carrying out their duties well. In a case where people are forming groups because of the special relationship interests that they have with each other then there is a problem in this as they are likely influence each other to an extent that they loose focus on the main goals and objectives of the organization. Another issue that has been discussed concerning the heterogeneity of teams in an organization in this article is the one that relates to how to improve the performance of teams in an organization. Much emphasis has been made to making sure that the groups are well integrated and this is supposed to be done when forming people into groups by ensuring that the members can be able to cooperate with each other. The teams also should be assigned to the jobs that they can be able to carry out considering their capabilities. Constant monitoring of the teams in an organization is also advocated for if the team effectiveness is to be achieved. By monitoring the teams constantly the organization will be able to determine the different problems that the teams are facing in carrying out their duties, will be able also to determine the level of influence that the teams have on their members and on the outcomes of the organization. The organization can also use the past experience it has had with different work teams to set a suitable support mechanism for all its teams as this will build strong team bonds that will work together in harmony to achieve the best for the organization In concluding team management and support should be given attention in an organization because all the members of an organization belong to one or more teams in an organization and giving them support in their efforts of carrying the activities of an organization will be able to encourage them to work well and do the right thing all the time while in the organization. Anat Drach-Zahavy, Anat Somech (2000). Team heterogeneity and its relationship with team support and team effectiveness. Journal of educational administration, 40, 1. Retrieved online: emeraldinsigth.com/0957-8234 The authors of the article from Mount Carmel Haifa in Israel used several research analyses that have been made in the educational institutions to discuss how the differences of team members can be handled so as create good relationships in the teams that will encourage them to work together in harmony to achieve the best results for the organization. They analyzed several factors within the organization that are likely to affect and influence team performance like team building and selection of individuals to the specific groups. Mary Z. Bruhn, Cristina Gibson (2006). Multinational organization context: Implications for team learning and performance. Academic management journal, 49, No 3, 501-518. The researchers from university of Minnesota and California used data that has been collected concerning how team learning in an international organization can impact the way that its work teams carry out their activities. Variables like the organization environmental factors and other factors that are in the surrounding environment are discussed in this article and the way that the factors influence learning and performance of teams in the organization also considered in the article. Nhung T. Nguyen, Anson Seers, Nathan S. Hartman (2008). Putting good face on impression management: team citizenship and team satisfaction. Institute of behavioural and applied management, 148-168. The authors from Towson university, Virginia commonwealth university and John Carroll university discusses in this article about how different would want to attract people by trying to be nice to others and the different reasons why people could do that. Through the analysis of the data that was collected their hypothesis were tested to explain how impressions that people give about themselves acts as a communication media for forming teams in an organization, the kind of teams that will be formed and the level of commitment to tasks that will be achieved by the teams that are being formed in the organization.

Political and economic corruption in Africa and China Research Paper

Political and economic corruption in Africa and China - Research Paper Example The science and technology has eased the living standards of human generation and more luxuries are incorporated to the human life. All these luxuries are expensive and a normal person cannot enjoy such things in his life span without earning something from illegal sources. The thirst for better living standards and luxury has forced people to keep a blind eye towards morality and to run after money. Corruption always negatively impacts the society. The money meant for the growth of the society going into the pockets of some individuals is not good for the well being of the society. Corruption will increase the distance between the poor and the rich further and hence the social equality can never be achieved. No country or society is free from corruption. Even the socialist republics like china and Cuba where equality in living standards offered to the citizens, are not free from corruption. On the other hand democratic countries like India and America are also victims of immense corruption. African countries are generally considered as economically poor countries, but the intensity of corruption in this region is extremely huge. Only when we analyze the corruptions in two different countries, politically, socially and economically, we will get all the dimensions of corruption and hence China and Africa is taken as the examples to study various perspectives of corruption â€Å"The linkage between corruption and poor governance is well established. Corruption undermines the economic and political foundations of a modern state and hinders the growth of trade and investment needed for development. This is particularly true in Africa, where fragile public institutions, weak civil society organizations, the lack of an independent judiciary, inadequately paid civil servants and hiring and promotion systems that are not merit-based all interact to create a climate in which corruption can flourish.† (USAIDs Anti-Corruption Initiative in Africa) Most of the

World Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Literature - Essay Example It was probably composed in the 8th century bc. After the fall of Troy at the end of the Trojan War, Odysseus is forced to wander for ten years before returning home to his wife Penelope in Ithaca. This story has a lot of women characters who each played an important role in Odysseus’ life and influenced his decisions. Penelope, his wife struggled to maintain her loyalty and affection as well as the integrity of her household during Odysseus’s long absence. She was depicted as resourceful and intelligent as her husband. Penelope was a picture of a woman with whom any man is willing to do anything to keep her or to get her. In this story, Penelope was wooed by a lot of suitors and all of them are willing to kill her husband Odysseus just to win her heart. Odysseus on the other hand was willing to endure sleepless days and nights, dangerous adventures and fights in strange lands just to get back home to his wife. The tender Calypso, the sinister and beautiful sorceress Ci rce, the singing Sirens and the charming Athena has made Odysseus travel both difficult and victorious. This play shows that a woman can have a different face – wise, cunning, sinister, temptation, love, hope and death – a man just has to wise enough so as not to be fooled. Agamemnon, in Greek mythology, is the king of Mycenae and commander of the Greek forces in the Trojan War. He was the son of Atreus and suffered the curse laid on his house. When the Greeks had assembled in Aulis for their voyage to Troy, they were held back by adverse winds. To calm the winds, Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia to the goddess Artemis. Artemis is a goddess of hunt and was known to be a friend and protector of youth especially young women, but in this scene, we saw that in order to please the gods Agamemnon was willing to sacrifice his daughter and his daughter in turn just submitted. In as much as Agamemnon would have objected it